English This course emphasizes analytic reading, writing, oral communication, and thinking skills that students need for success in secondary school academic programs and their daily lives. Students will study and interpret texts from contemporary and historical periods, including plays, short stories, and short essays, and will investigate and create media works. An important focus will be the correct and effective use of spoken and written language. Mathematics This course enables students to develop generalizations of mathematical ideas and methods through the exploration of applications, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will investigate relationships to develop equations of straight lines in analytic geometry, explore relationships between volume and surface area of objects in measurement, and apply extended algebraic skills in problem solving. Students will engage in abstract extensions of core learning that will deepen their mathematical knowledge and enrich their understanding. Science This course enables students to understand basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics; to develop skills in the processes of scientific inquiry; and to relate science to technology, society, and the environment. Students will learn scientific theories and conduct investigations related to cell division and reproduction; atomic and molecular structures and the properties of elements and compounds; the universe and space exploration; and the principles of electricity. French This course emphasizes the expansion of students' oral communication, reading, and writing skills through the study of themes that reflect their interests. Students will apply their knowledge of French in discussions, debates, dramatizations, and oral presentations. Students will read and write in a variety of genres (e.g., poems, articles, brochures) and study at least one short novel intended for a French-speaking audience. Canadian Studies This course explores Canadian participation in global events and traces our development as a country through changes in population, economy, and technology. Students will analyse the elements that constitute Canadian identity, learn the stories of both individuals and communities, and study the evolution of political and social structures. Students will learn about differing interpretations of the past, and will come to understand the importance in historical studies of chronology and cause-and-effect relationships. They will also learn to develop and support a thesis, conduct research and analysis, and effectively communicate the results of their inquiries. Latin This course introduces students to the achievements of the classical world through the study of Latin. Students will learn vocabulary and grammar essential for reading and translating classical texts. English is the language of instruction. Through a variety of enrichment activities, such as presentations, debates, and dialogues, students will explore such aspects of life in the ancient world as trade, commerce, education, entertainment, and social customs while improving their language skills. Physical Education This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable physical activities that promote lifelong healthy active living. Students will learn movement skills and principles, ways to improve personal fitness and physical competence, and safety and injury prevention. They will investigate issues related to healthy sexuality and the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, and will participate in activities designed to develop goal-setting, communication, and social skills. Drama This course requires students to create and to perform dramatic presentations. Students will analyse, interpret, and perform works of drama from various cultures, including Western plays from around 1900. Students will also do research on different acting styles and conventions for their presentations, create original works, and analyse the functions of playwright, director, actor, producer, designer, technician, and audience. Art This course provides students with opportunities to develop their skills and knowledge in visual arts. Students will explore a range of subject matter through studio activities, and will develop their practical skills. Students will also analyse art works and study aspects of Western art history, as well as art forms from Canada and other parts of the world. Music This course emphasizes the appreciation, analysis, and performance of various kinds of music, including baroque and classical music, popular music, and Canadian and non-Western music. Students will perform technical exercises and appropriate repertoire, complete detailed creative activities, and analyse and evaluate live and recorded performances. They will continue to increase their understanding of the elements of music while developing their technical and imaginative abilities.